Exercise 12.1 Algebraic-Expressions -NCERT Solutions Class 7
Chapter 12 Ex.12.1 Question 1
Get the algebraic expressions in the following cases using variables, constants and arithmetic operations.
(i) Subtraction of \(z\) from \(y.\)
(ii) One-half of the sum of numbers \(x\) and \(y.\)
(iii) The number \(z\) multiplied by itself.
(iv) One-fourth of the product of numbers \(p\) and \(q.\)
(v) Numbers \(x\) and \(y\) both squared and added.
(vi) Number \(5\) added to three times the product of numbers \(m\) and \(n.\)
(vii) Product of numbers \(y\) and \(z\) subtracted from \(10.\)
(viii) Sum of numbers \(a\) and \(b\) subtracted from their product.
Solution
Video Solution
Reasoning:
Let us first understand the meaning or definition of terms variable, constants and arithmetic operations
Variables are the letters used in an algebraic expression that can take any value. For e.g. \(a, b, c\) or \(z\) etc. and it can take any value which can be either \(2\) or \(5\) or any other number. Constants always have fixed values in the algebraic expressions. They cannot be assumed or changed. Arithmetic Operations are Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Steps:
(i) Subtraction of \(z\) from \(y.\)
\[y - z\]
(ii) One-half of the sum of numbers \(x\) and \(y.\)
\[\frac{1}{2}\left( {x + y} \right)\]
(iii) The number \(z\) multiplied by itself.
\[z \times z = {z^2}\]
(iv) One-fourth of the product of numbers \(p\) and \(q.\)
\[\frac{1}{4}pq\]
(v) Numbers \(x\) and \(y\) both squared and added.
\[\left( {x \times x} \right) + \left( {y \times y} \right) = {x^2} + {y^2}\]
(vi) Number \(5\) added to three times the product of numbers \(m\) and \(n.\)
\[5 + 3\left( {m \times n} \right) = 5 + 3mn\]
(vii) Product of numbers \(y\) and \(z\) subtracted from \(10.\)
\[10 - \left( {y \times z} \right) = 10 - yz\]
(viii) Sum of numbers \(a\) and \(b\) subtracted from their product.
\[\left( {a \times b} \right)-\left( {a + b} \right) = ab - \left( {a + b} \right)\]
Chapter 12 Ex.12.1 Question 2
(i) Identify the terms and their factors in the following expressions. Show the terms and factors by tree diagrams.
(a) \(x – 3\)
(b) \(1 + x + x^2\)
(c) \(y – y^3\)
(d) \(5xy^2 + 7x^2y\)
(e) \(– ab + 2b^2 – 3a^2\)
(ii) Identify terms and factors in the expressions given below:
(f) \(–4x + 5\) (b) \(–4x + 5y\) (c) \(5y + 3y^2\)
(g) \(xy + 2x^2y^2\) (e) \(pq + q\) (f) \(1.2 ab – 2.4 b + 3.6 a\)
(h) \(\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{1}{4}\) (h) \(0.1 p^2 + 0.2 q^2\)
Solution
Video Solution
(i) Identify the terms and their factors in the following expressions. Show the terms and factors by tree diagrams.
(a) \(x – 3\)
Steps:
Term \(= x\) and Factor \(= 1\)
(b) \(1 + x + x^2\)
Steps:
Term \(= x\) and Factor \(= 1;\) Term \(= x^2\) and Factor \(= 1\)
(c) \(y – y^3\)
Steps:
Term \(= y\) and Factor \(= 1;\) Term \(= y^3\) and Factor \(= –1\)
(d) \(5xy^2 + 7x^2y\)
Steps:
Term \(= xy^2\) and Factor \(= 5;\) Term \(= x^2y\) and Factor \(= 7\)
(e) \(– ab + 2b^2 – 3a^2\)
Steps:
Term \(= ab\) and Factor \(= –1; \)Term \(= b^2\) and Factor \(= 2;\) Term \(a^2\) and Factor \(= –3\)
(ii) Identify terms and factors in the expressions given below:
(f) \(–4x + 5\) (b) \(–4x + 5y\) (c) \(5y + 3y^2\)
(g) \(xy + 2x^2y^2\) (e) \(pq + q\) (f) \(1.2 ab – 2.4 b + 3.6 a\)
(h) \(\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{1}{4}\) (h) \(0.1 p^2 + 0.2 q^2\)
|
S.No. |
Expression |
Term |
Factors |
|
a) |
\(–4x + 5\) |
\(-4x\) and \(5\) |
\(-4, x\)and \(5\) |
|
b) |
\(-4x + 5y\) |
\(-4x\) and \(5y\) |
\(-4, x\) and \(5, y\) |
|
c) |
\(5y + 3y^2\) |
\(5y\) and \(3y^2\) |
\(5, y \) and \(3, y, y\) |
|
d) |
\(xy + 2x^2y^2\) |
\(xy\) and \(2x^2y^2\) |
\(x, y\) and \(2, x, x,y, y\) |
|
e) |
\(pq + q\) |
\(pq\) and \(q\) |
\(p, q\) and \(q\) |
|
f) |
\(1.2ab - 2.4b + 3.6a\) |
\(1.2ab, -2.4b\) and \(3.6a\) |
\(1.2, a, b, -2.4, b\) and \(3.6, a\) |
|
g) |
\(\frac{{3}}{4} x + \frac{{1}}{4} \) |
\(\frac{{3}}{4} x \) and \( \frac{{1}}{4}\) |
\(\frac{{3}}{4}, x\) and \(\frac{{1}}{4} \) |
|
h) |
\(0.1 p^2 + 0.2 q^2\) |
\(0.1p^2\) and \(0.2q^2\) |
\(0.1, p, p\) and \(0.2, q, q\) |
Chapter 12 Ex.12.1 Question 3
Identify the numerical coefficients of terms (other than constants) in the following expressions:
(i) \(5 – 3t^2\)
ii) \(1 + t + t^2 + t^3\)
(iii) \(x + 2xy + 3y\)
(iv) \(100m + 1000n\)
(v) \(– p^2q^2 + 7pq\)
(vi) \(1.2a + 0.8b\)
(vii) \(3.14r^2\)
(viii) \(2(l + b)\)
(ix) \(0.1y + 0.01y^2\)
Solution
Video Solution
|
S.No. |
Expression |
Term |
Numerical Coefficient |
|
(i) |
\(5 - 3t^2\) |
\(-3t^2\) |
\(-3\) |
|
(ii) |
\(1 + t + t^2 + t^3\) |
\(t, t^2 \) and \( t^3\) |
\(1, 1 \) and \( 1\) |
|
(iii) |
\(x + 2xy + 3y\) |
\(x , 2xy \) and \( 3y\) |
\(1, 2 \) and \( 3\) |
|
(iv) |
\(100m + 1000n\) |
\(100m \) and \( 1000n\) |
\(100 \) and \( 1000\) |
|
(v) |
\(-p^2q^2 + 7pq\) |
\(-p^2q^2 \) and \( 7pq\) |
\(-1 \) and \( 7\) |
|
(vi) |
\(1.2 a + 0.8 b\) |
\(1.2a \) and \( 0.8b\) |
\(1.2 \) and \( 0.8\) |
|
(vii) |
\(3.14r^2\) |
\(3.14r^2\) |
\(3.14\) |
|
(viii) |
\(2(l + b)\) |
\(2l \) and \( 2b\) |
\(2 \) and \( 2\) |
|
(ix) |
\(0.1y + 0.01y^2\) |
\(0.1y \) and \( 0.01 y^2\) |
\(0.1 \) and \( 0.01\) |
Chapter 12 Ex.12.1 Question 4
(a) Identify terms which contain \(x\) and give the coefficient of \(x.\)
(i) \(y^2x + y\)
(ii) \(13y^2 – 8yx\)
(iii) \(x + y + 2\)
(iv) \(5 + z + zx\)
(v) \(1 + x + xy\)
(vi) \(12xy^2 + 25\)
(vii) \(7x + xy^2\)
(b) Identify terms which contain \(y^2\) and give the coefficient of \(y^2.\)
(i) \(8 – xy^2\)
(ii) \(5y^2 + 7x\)
(iii) \(2x^2y – 15xy^2\) + \(7y^2\)
Solution
Video Solution
(a) Identify terms which contain \(x\) and give the coefficient of \(x.\)
(i) \(y^2x + y\)
(ii) \(13y^2 – 8yx\)
(iii) \(x + y + 2\)
(iv) \(5 + z + zx\)
(v) \(1 + x + xy\)
(vi) \(12xy^2 + 25\)
(vii) \(7x + xy^2\)
|
S.No. |
Expression |
Term containing x |
Coefficient of x |
|
(i) |
\(y^2x + y\) |
\(y^2x\) |
\(y^2\) |
|
(ii) |
\(13y^2 – 8yx\) |
\(–8yx\) |
\(–8y\) |
|
(iii) |
\(x + y + 2\) |
\(x\) |
\(1\) |
|
(iv) |
\(5 + z + zx\) |
\(zx\) |
\(z\) |
|
(v) |
\(1 + x + xy\) |
\(x\) and \(xy\) |
\(1\) and \(y\) |
|
(vi) |
\(12xy^2 + 25\) |
\(12xy^2\) |
\(12y^2\) |
|
(vii) |
\(7 x + xy^2\) |
\(7 x\) and \(xy^2\) |
\(7\) and \(y^2\) |
(b) Identify terms which contain \(y^2\) and give the coefficient of \(y^2.\)
(i) \(8 – xy^2\)
(ii) \(5y^2 + 7x\)
(iii) \(2x^2y – 15xy^2\) + \(7y^2\)
|
S.No. |
Expression |
Term containing y2 |
Coefficient of y2 |
|
(i) |
\(8 – xy^2\) |
\(– xy^2\) |
\(– x\) |
|
(ii) |
\(5y^2 + 7x\) |
\(5y^2\) |
\(5\) |
|
(iii) |
\(2x^2 y – 15xy^2 + 7y^2\) |
\(– 15xy^2\) and \(7y^2\) |
\(– 15x\) and \(7\) |
Chapter 12 Ex.12.1 Question 5
Classify into monomials, binomials and trinomials.
(i) \(4y – 7z\)
(ii) \(y^2\)
(iii) \(x + y – xy\)
(iv) \(100\)
(v) \(ab – a – b\)
(vi) \(5 – 3t\)
(vii) \(4p^2q – 4pq^2\)
(viii) \(7mn\)
(ix) \(z^2 – 3z + 8\)
(x) \(a^2 + b^2\)
(xi) \(z^2 + z\)
(xii) \(1 + x + x^2\)
Solution
Video Solution
Steps:
Monomial means expression having single term.
Binomials means expression having two terms.
Trinomials means expression having three terms.
|
S No. |
Expression |
No. of terms |
Classification |
|
(i) |
\(4y – 7z\) |
\(2\) |
Binomial |
|
(ii) |
\(y^2\) |
\(1\) |
Monomial |
|
(iii) |
\(x + y – xy\) |
\(3\) |
Trinomial |
|
(iv) |
\(100\) |
\(1\) |
Monomial |
|
(v) |
\(ab – a – b\) |
\(3\) |
Trinomial |
|
(vi) |
\(5 – 3t\) |
\(2\) |
Binomial |
|
(vii) |
\(4p^2q – 4pq^ 2\) |
\(2\) |
Binomial |
|
(viii) |
\(7mn\) |
\(1\) |
Monomial |
|
(ix) |
\(z^2 – 3z + 8\) |
\(3\) |
Trinomial |
|
(x) |
\(a^2 + b^2\) |
\(2\) |
Binomial |
|
(xi) |
\(z^2 + z\) |
\(2\) |
Binomial |
|
(xii) |
\(1 + x + x^2\) |
\(3\) |
Trinomial |
Chapter 12 Ex.12.1 Question 6
State whether a given pair of terms is of like or unlike terms.
(i) \(1, 100\)
(ii) \(–7x, x\)
(iii) \(– 29x, – 29y\)
(iv) \(14xy, 42yx\)
(v) \(4m^2p, 4mp^2\)
(vi) \(12xz, 12x^2z^2\)
Solution
Video Solution
|
S.No. |
Expression |
Terms |
Factors |
Like/ Unlike |
Reason |
|
(i) |
\(1, 100\) |
\(1\) and \(100\) |
\(1\) and \(100\) |
Like |
Bothe the terms has no variables |
|
(ii) |
\(–7x, x\) |
\(–7x\) and |
\(–7, x\) and |
Like |
Both terms have same variable \(x\) |
|
(iii) |
\(– 29x, – 29y\) |
\(– 29x\) and \( – 29y\) |
\(– 29, x\) and |
Unlike |
Both terms have different variables \(x\) & \(y\) |
|
(iv) |
\(14xy, 42yx\) |
\(14xy\) and \(42yx\) |
\(14, x,y\) and |
Like |
Both terms have same variable \(xy\) & \(xy\) |
|
(v) |
\(4m^2p, 4mp^2\) |
\(4m^2p\) and \(4mp^2\) |
\(4, m^2, p\) and |
Unlike |
Both terms have same variable but with different powers |
|
(vi) |
\(12xz, 12x^2z^2\) |
\(12xz\) and \(12x^2z^2\) |
\(12, x ,z\) and |
Unlike |
Both terms have same variable but with different powers |
Chapter 12 Ex.12.1 Question 7
Identify like terms in the following:
(a)
\(\begin{align}&–xy^2, –4yx^2, 8x^2, 2xy^2, 7y, –11x^2, \\&–100x, –11yx, 20x^2y, –6x^2, \\&y, 2xy, 3x\end{align}\)
(b)
\(\begin{align}&10pq, 7p, 8q, –p^2q^2, –7qp, –100q,\\& –23, 12q^2p^2,–5p^2, 41,2405p, \\& 78qp, 13p^2q, qp^2, 701p^2 \end{align}\)
Solution
Video Solution
Reasoning:
This question is based on the concept of like terms. If there are same variable in all
the terms in the expression, then the expression has like terms. We have to ignore constants here.
Steps:
|
S.No. |
Terms |
Like terms |
|
(i) |
\(–xy^2, –4yx^2, 8x^2, 2xy^2, 7y, –11x^2, \\–100x, – 11yx, 20x^2y, –6x^2, y, 2xy, 3x\) |
\(–xy^2, 2xy^2;\\ –4yx^2, 20x^2y;\\ 8x^2, –11x^2, –6x^2;\\ 7y, y;\\ –100x, 3 x;\\ –11yx, 2xy\\\) |
|
(ii) |
\(10pq, 7p, 8q, –p^2q^2, –7qp, –100q, –23, 12q^2p^2,\\ –5p^2,41, 2405p, 78qp, 13p^2q, qp^2, 701p^2\) |
\(10pq, –7qp, 78qp;\\ 8q, –100q;\\ -5p^2, 701p^2;\\ 7p, 2405p;\\ –p^2q^2, 12q^2p^2;\\ -23, 41;\\ 13p^2q, qp^2\\\) |