# Ex.3.7 Q7 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Solution - NCERT Maths Class 10

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## Question

Solve the following pair of linear equations.

\begin{align}\left( \rm{i} \right) \quad px + qy &= p - q\\qx - py &= p + q\end{align}

\begin{align}\left( \rm{ii} \right)\quad ax + by &= c\\bx + ay &= 1 + c\end{align}

\begin{align}(\rm{iii})\quad\frac{x}{a} - \frac{y}{b} &= 0\\ax + by &= {a^2} + {b^2}\end{align}

\begin{align}(\rm{iv}) \quad (a - b)x + (a + b)y &= {a^2} - 2ab - {b^2}\\(a + b)(x + y) &= {a^2} + {b^2}\end{align}

\begin{align}(\rm{v})\quad 152x - 378y &= - 74\\- 378x + 152y &= - 604\end{align}

Video Solution
Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables
Ex 3.7 | Question 7

## Text Solution

Steps:

\begin{align}\left( \rm{i} \right) \quad px + qy &= p - q \qquad \ldots \left( 1 \right)\\qx - py &= p + q \qquad \ldots \left( 2 \right)\end{align}

Multiplying equation $$(1)$$ by $$p$$ and equation $$(2)$$ by $$q,$$ we obtain

\begin{align}{p^2}x + pqy &= {p^2} - pq \qquad \ldots \left( 3 \right)\\{q^2}x - pqy &= pq + {q^2} \qquad \ldots \left( 4 \right)\end{align}

Adding equations $$(3)$$ and $$(4),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}{p^2}x + {q^2}x &= {p^2} + {q^2}\\\left( {{p^2} + {q^2}} \right)x &= {p^2} + {q^2}\\ x &= \frac{{{p^2} + {q^2}}}{{{p^2} + {q^2}}}\\x &= 1\end{align}

Substituting $$x = 1$$ in equation $$(1),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}p \times 1 + qy &= p – q\\qy &= - q\\y &= - 1\end{align}

Therefore, $$x = 1$$ and $$y = - 1$$

\begin{align}\left( \rm{ii} \right)\quad ax + by &= c \qquad \quad\;\; \ldots \left( 1 \right)\\ bx + ay &= 1 + c \qquad \ldots \left( 2 \right)\end{align}

Multiplying equation $$(1)$$ by $$a$$ and equation $$(2)$$ by $$b$$, we obtain

\begin{align}{a^2}x + aby &= ac \qquad \quad\;\; \ldots \left( 3 \right)\\{b^2}x + aby &= b + bc \qquad \ldots \left( 4 \right)\end{align}

Subtracting equation $$(4)$$ from equation $$(3),$$

\begin{align}\left( {{a^2} – {b^2}} \right)x &= ac – bc – b\\x &= \frac{{c(a – b) – b}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}{\rm{ }}\end{align}

Substituting \begin{align}x = \frac{{c(a – b) – b}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}} \end{align} in equation $$(1),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}ax + by &= c\\ a\left( {\frac{{c(a – b) – b}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}} \right) + by &= c\\\frac{{ac(a – b) – ab}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}} + by &= c\\ by &= c - \frac{{ac(a – b) – ab}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}\\ by &= \frac{{{a^2}c – {b^2}c – {a^2}c + abc + ab}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}\\by &= \frac{{abc – {b^2}c + ab}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}\\ by &= \frac{{bc(a – b) + ab}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}\\by& = \frac{{b\left[ {c(a – b) + a} \right]}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}\\ y &= \frac{{c(a – b) + a}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}\end{align}

Therefore, \begin{align}x = \frac{{c(a – b) – b}}{{{a^2} – {b^2}}}\end{align} and \begin{align}y=\frac{c(a-b)+a}{{{a}^{2}}-{{b}^{2}}}\end{align}

\begin{align}{\rm{ (iii)}} \quad \frac{x}{a} - \frac{y}{b} &= 0 \qquad \qquad\;\; \ldots \left( 1 \right)\\ax + by &= {a^2} + {b^2} \qquad \ldots \left( 2 \right)\end{align}

By solving equation $$(1),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}\frac{x}{a} - \frac{y}{b} &= 0\\x &= \frac{{ay}}{b} \qquad \ldots \left( 3 \right)\end{align}

Substituting \begin{align}x = \frac{{ay}}{b} \end{align} in equation $$(2),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}a \times \left( {\frac{{ay}}{b}} \right) + by &= {a^2} + {b^2}\\ \frac{{{a^2}y + {b^2}y}}{b} &= {a^2} + {b^2}\\\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right)y &= b\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right)\\y &= b\end{align}

Substituting $$y = b$$ in equation $$(3),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}x &= \frac{{a \times b}}{b}\\x &= a\end{align}

Therefore, $$x = a$$ and $$y = b$$

\begin{align}(\rm{iv}) \quad (a - b)x + (a + b)y &= {a^2} - 2ab - {b^2} \qquad \ldots \left( 1 \right)\\ (a + b)(x + y) &= {a^2} + {b^2} \qquad \qquad \; \; \; \ldots \left( 2 \right)\end{align}

By solving equation $$(2),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}(a + b)(x + y) &= {a^2} + {b^2}\a + b)x + (a + b)y &= {a^2} + {b^2} \qquad \ldots \left( 3 \right)\end{align} Subtracting equation \((3) from $$(1),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}(a – b)x – (a + b)x &= \left( {{a^2} – 2ab – {b^2}} \right) - \left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right)\\ \left[ {(a – b) – (a + b)} \right]x& = {a^2} – 2ab – {b^2} – {a^2} – {b^2}\\\left[ {a – b – a – b} \right]x &= - 2ab – 2{b^2}\\ - 2bx &= - 2b\left( {a + b} \right)\\x& = \left( {a + b} \right)\end{align}

Substituting $$x = \left( {a + b} \right)$$ in equation (1), we obtain

\begin{align}(a – b)(a + b) + (a + b)y &= {a^2} – 2ab – {b^2}\{a^2} – {b^2}) + (a + b)y &= {a^2} – 2ab – {b^2}\\(a + b)y &= {a^2} – 2ab – {b^2} – ({a^2} – {b^2})\\(a + b)y &= {a^2} – 2ab – {b^2} – {a^2} + {b^2}\\y &= \frac{{ - 2ab}}{{(a + b)}}\end{align} \(\begin{align}(\rm{v})\quad 152x - 378y &= - 74 \qquad \ldots \left( 1 \right)\\ - 378x + 152y &= - 604 \qquad \ldots \left( 2 \right)\end{align}

Adding equations $$(1)$$ and $$(2),$$ we obtain

\begin{align} - 226x - 226y &= - 678\\ - 226\left( {x + y} \right) &= - 678\\x + y &= 3 \qquad \ldots \left( 3 \right)\end{align}

Subtracting equation $$(2)$$ from $$(1),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}530x - 530y &= 530\\530\left( {x - y} \right) &= 530\\x - y &= 1 \qquad \ldots \left( 4 \right)\end{align}

Adding equations $$(3)$$ and $$(4),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}2x &= 4\\x& = 2\end{align}

Substituting $$x = 2$$ in equation $$(3),$$ we obtain

\begin{align}2 + y &= 3\\y &= 1\end{align}

Therefore, $$x = 2$$ and $$y = 1$$

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