Introduction
Data are characteristics or information, usually numerical, that are collected through observation. Data can be either qualitative or quantitative.
You can go ahead and explore all important topics in Data by selecting the topics from this list below:
| Measures of Central Tendency | Data Handling |
| Mean | Probability |
| Median | Permutations and Combinations |
| Mode |
Measures of Central Tendency
When describing a set of data, the central position of the data set is identified. This is known as the central measure of tendency. The three most common Measures of Central Tendency are mean, median and mode.
Mean
Mean is the most common central tendency we know about and use. It is also known as average. It is simply the sum of all the items in a list or collection, divided by the number of items.
Example:
Learn the formula used to calculate the Mean for a given set of data.
Median
The median is the middle value of a set of numbers arranged in increasing order.
Example:
For finding the Median, it is necessary to write the components of the group in increasing order.
Mode
In any collection of numbers, the number which occurs the most number of times is the mode.
Example:
To calculate the Mode in the case of grouped frequency distribution, we first identify the modal class, the class that has the highest frequency. Then, we will use the formula given to calculate the mode.
Data Handling
Data Handling refers to the process of gathering, recording and presenting information in a way that is helpful to others. Data is usually represented in the form of pictographs, bar graphs, pie charts, histograms, line graphs, etc.
Example:
Data Handling is a very important concept when it comes to statistics. It helps us to store and present the results from any research conducted. In schools, you too might have undertaken tasks in which teachers encourage students to collect data about yourselves, your friends, family, surroundings and more. The purpose of data handling is to present data in a variety of forms such as Pictographs, Bar Graphs, Pie Charts, Histograms, and Line Graphs.
Probability
Probability means how likely it is for a random event to occur. Its value is expressed between \(0\) and \(1.\)
Example:
Permutations and Combinations
A combination is a way of choosing elements from a set in such a way that the order does not matter.
A permutation is an act of arranging the elements of a set into a sequence or order.
Example:
Permutations and Combination is a way of selecting and representing a particular data or object. To understand permutations and combinations better we first start off with Practical Counting Situations and Examples on Practical Counting Situations. You will then get to learn more about permutations with the help of Examples for Permutations as Arrangements. Similarly, in the case of combinations, you can refer to the Examples of Combinations as Selections, for a better understanding of these concepts.
Worksheets
Go ahead and download our free worksheets to practice data concepts offline as well.